原子加速指的是使单个原子或原子团获得定向动量和速度的过程。
对带电粒子（如离子）常用静电或电磁场直接加速，而中性原子则多依赖光与原子相互作用——光子携带动量，吸收或散射光子会给原子一个微小的动量冲量。
激光冷却可先将原子制冷并俘获于磁光阱（MOT），随后通过短脉冲激光、布拉格散射或移动光学晶格对原子进行受控加速；布洛赫振荡和光子反冲技术可以实现多量子化的动量传递。
原子加速技术广泛用于原子束制备、原子干涉仪和原子钟等高精度仪器，推动重力测量、惯性导航和基本常数测定的发展。
随着光学控制和量子操控手段进步，原子加速将在量子技术与基础物理检验中发挥更大作用。
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